Abstrakt
Nowy koronawirus, nazywany obecnie wirusem severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS- -CoV-2), wywołujący chorobę koronawirusową 2019 (COVID-19), został po raz pierwszy zidentyfikowany pod koniec 2019 r. po wybuchu epidemii wirusowego zapalenia płuc w Wuhan, w Chinach. Szybko rozprzestrzenił się, zajmując kolejne kraje i kontynenty, aż 12 marca 2020 r. World Health Organization (WHO) ogłosiło pandemię.
Pacjenci w każdym wieku są podatni na zakażenie wirusem SARS-CoV-2, jednak pełnoobjawowa choroba koronawirusowa rozwija się częściej u osób dorosłych, szczególnie starszych mężczyzn, z chorobami współistniejącymi. Ciąża jest stanem fizjologicznym, cechującym się odmienną odpornością i gospodarką hormonalną, które są niezbędne, między innymi, do uzyskania tolerancji immunologicznej dla rozwijającego się płodu. Dla niektórych infekcji wirusowych, dotyczących przede wszystkim dróg oddechowych (np. grypy H1N1 czy SARS), wykazano, że populacja kobiet ciężarnych jest w grupie ryzyka ciężkiego przebiegu choroby. Celem pracy jest podsumowanie dostępnych doniesień na temat przebiegu infekcji SARS- -CoV-2 u kobiet ciężarnych, jej wpływu na ciążę oraz poród, a także ewentualnej możliwości transmisji wertykalnej zakażenia.
Na dzień dzisiejszy nie opisano znaczących różnic w objawach klinicznych i przebiegu choroby u kobiet ciężarnych w porównaniu do populacji ogólnej w podobnym wieku. COVID-19 u kobiet ciężarnych może być związany ze zwiększonym ryzykiem porodu przedwczesnego, przedwczesnego pęknięcia błon płodowych czy stanu przedrzucawkowego, ale dostępne dane są niewystarczające. Nie ma również jednoznacznych dowodów na możliwość transmisji wertykalnej zakażenia lub jej ryzyko jest niskie. Z uwagi na dynamiczną sytuację epidemiologiczną i ewolucje stanu wiedzy na temat SARS-CoV-2, dla zapewnienia najwyższej jakości opieki nad pacjentkami ciężarnymi, konieczna jest stała aktualizacja wiedzy w tym zakresie.
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